U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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National Ocean Service
Datums Page Page 1 of 5
Station ID: 9490571 PUBLICATION DATE: 11/15/2011
Name: CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND
AK
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 67° 3.3' N ( 67.05419)
USGS Quad: NOATAK A-3 Longitude: 163° 19.3' W (-163.32128)
To reach the bench marks from the village of Kotzebue via boat, proceed WNW from
the river channel in front of town for 35.87 km (22.29 mi) towards Aukulak
Lagoon. The bench marks are along the top of the bluff between Tukrok River and
Aukulak Lagoon. The tide gauges were located offshore within 1.50 km (0.9 mi) of
bench mark 949 0571 A.
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0571 A 2011
DESIGNATION: 949 0571 A
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 20196
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) IDB PID#:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve OPUS PID#: BBCK40
LATITUDE: 67° 3.8' N ( 67.06264) LONGITUDE: 163° 18.0' W (-163.29931)
The primary bench mark is a metal rod set in the tundra at the top of the bluff
between the Tukrok River outlet and Aukulak Lagoon, 59.75 m (196.0 ft) west of
bench mark 949 0571 B, 53.54 m (175.6 ft) ENE of a 0.55 m (1.8 ft) wide faded
orange triangular lot marker S 12621 LOT 2 POL 1-2 protruding 0.40 m (1.3 ft)
above grade, 24.05 m (78.9 ft) NW of a small gully that leads down to the beach,
and 16.50 m (54.1 ft) north of the bluff edge. The datum point is set 12 cm
(0.4 ft) below grade, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 6.1 m (20
ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 2 of 5
Station ID: 9490571 PUBLICATION DATE: 11/15/2011
Name: CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND
AK
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 67° 3.3' N ( 67.05419)
USGS Quad: NOATAK A-3 Longitude: 163° 19.3' W (-163.32128)
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0571 B 2011
DESIGNATION: 949 0571 B
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 20197
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) IDB PID#:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod OPUS PID:
LATITUDE: 67° 3.8' N ( 67.06264) LONGITUDE: 163° 17.9' W (-163.29792)
The bench mark is a metal rod set in the tundra at the top of a bluff between
the Tukrok River outlet and Aukulak Lagoon, 63.80 m (209.3 ft) west of bench
mark 949 0571 C, 59.75 m (196.0 ft) east of bench mark 949 0571 A, 22.62 m (74.2
ft) west of a large gully that leads down to beach, and 14.01 m (46.0 ft) north
of the bluff edge. The datum point is set 19 cm (0.6 ft) below grade, being the
top of a stainless steel rod driven 4.9 m (16 ft) to refusal, and encased in a
6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.
BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0571 C 2011
DESIGNATION: 949 0571 C
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 20198
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) IDB PID#:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod OPUS PID:
LATITUDE: 67° 3.8' N ( 67.06258) LONGITUDE: 163° 17.8' W (-163.29644)
The bench mark is a metal rod set in the tundra at the top of a bluff between
the Tukrok River outlet and Aukulak Lagoon, 63.80 m (209.3 ft) east of bench
mark 949 0571 B, 60.60 m (198.8 ft) WSW of bench mark 949 0571 D, 31.30 m (102.7
ft) east of a large gully that leads down to beach, and 23.41 m (76.8 ft) north
of the bluff edge. The datum point is set 11 cm (0.4 ft) below grade, being the
top of a stainless steel rod driven 5.4 m (18 ft) to refusal, and encased in a
6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 3 of 5
Station ID: 9490571 PUBLICATION DATE: 11/15/2011
Name: CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND
AK
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 67° 3.3' N ( 67.05419)
USGS Quad: NOATAK A-3 Longitude: 163° 19.3' W (-163.32128)
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0571 D 2011
DESIGNATION: 949 0571 D
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 20199
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) IDB PID#:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve OPUS PID:
LATITUDE: 67° 3.7' N ( 67.06247) LONGITUDE: 163° 17.7' W (-163.29508)
The bench mark is a metal rod set in the tundra at the top of a bluff between
the Tukrok River outlet and Aukulak Lagoon, 60.60 m (198.8 ft) ENE of bench mark
949 0571 C, 60.53 m (198.6 ft) west of bench mark 949 0571 E, 31.21 m (102.4 ft)
north of the bluff edge, and 10.11 m (33.2 ft) west of large gully that leads
down to the beach. The datum point is set 10 cm (0.3 ft) below grade, being the
top of a stainless steel rod driven 6.1 m (20 ft) to refusal, and encased in a
6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.
BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0571 E 2011
DESIGNATION: 949 0571 E
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 20200
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) IDB PID#:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve OPUS PID:
LATITUDE: 67° 3.7' N ( 67.06233) LONGITUDE: 163° 17.6' W (-163.29381)
The bench mark is a metal rod set in the tundra at the top of a bluff between
the Tukrok River outlet and Aukulak Lagoon, 60.53 m (198.6 ft) east of bench
mark 949 0571 D, 47.34 m (155.3 ft) west of a large gully that leads down to the
beach, and 33.05 m (108.4 ft) north of the bluff edge. The datum point is set 8
cm (0.3 ft) below grade, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 5.3 m (18
ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 4 of 5
Station ID: 9490571 PUBLICATION DATE: 11/15/2011
Name: CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND
AK
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 67° 3.3' N ( 67.05419)
USGS Quad: NOATAK A-3 Longitude: 163° 19.3' W (-163.32128)
T I D A L D A T U M S
Tidal datums at CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND based on:
LENGTH OF SERIES: 2 MONTHS
TIME PERIOD: August 2011 - September 2011
TIDAL EPOCH: 1983-2001
CONTROL TIDE STATION: 9491094 RED DOG DOCK
Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:
MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER MHHW = 0.201
MEAN HIGH WATER MHW = 0.184
MEAN TIDE LEVEL MTL = 0.111
MEAN SEA LEVEL MSL = 0.071
MEAN LOW WATER MLW = 0.037
MEAN LOWER LOW WATER MLLW = 0.000
North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)
Bench Mark Elevation Information In METERS above:
Stamping or Designation MLLW MHW
0571 A 2011 7.797 7.613
0571 B 2011 7.537 7.353
0571 C 2011 7.781 7.597
0571 D 2011 7.858 7.674
0571 E 2011 7.891 7.707
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 5 of 5
Station ID: 9490571 PUBLICATION DATE: 11/15/2011
Name: CAPE KRUSENSTERN, KOTZEBUE SOUND
AK
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 67° 3.3' N ( 67.05419)
USGS Quad: NOATAK A-3 Longitude: 163° 19.3' W (-163.32128)
D E F I N I T I O N S
Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch. It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).
NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint. NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights. Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at
National Geodetic Survey.
NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded. NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads. NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929. Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at
National Geodetic Survey.
NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.
The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.
The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum. As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.