U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


To reach the tidal bench marks from the Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (OTZ),
proceed 1.6 km (1.0 mi) NE along Third Avenue, then proceed 243 m (797 ft) NW
along Turf Street to the Crowley dock and tide station.  The bench marks are
located along Shore Avenue and Turf Street.  The tide gauges and staff are
located at the Header Fuel Pump in the middle of the Crowley dock.


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 J

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        15419
AGENCY:                  Alaska Department of Natural Resources
                         (AKDNR)                               IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod in sleeve         OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   66° 54.2' N (  66.90372)          LONGITUDE: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58144)


The primary bench mark is a metal rod set in the E corner of an empty lot
sometimes used to store connexes, 45.79 m (150.2 ft) SSE of the NW edge of the
Shore Avenue embankment, 40.79 m (133.8 ft) SSE of the centerline of Shore
Avenue, 17.41 m (57.1 ft) NE of a steel stair case leading up to fuel tanks,
5.24 m (17.2 ft) W of the fence post corner bordering a private residence and
Crowley fuel tank area, and 2.90 m (9.5 ft) SW of a power pole numbered 3A21. 
The datum point is set 25 cm (0.8 ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, being the
top of a stainless steel rod driven 15.7 m (52 ft) to refusal, and encased in a
5-inch black PVC pipe.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 H

MONUMENTATION:           Flange-encased Rod                    VM#:        15417
AGENCY:                  Alaska Department of Natural Resources
                         (AKDNR)                               IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod in sleeve         OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90211)          LONGITUDE: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58233)


The bench mark is a flange encased rod set beneath the E extent of Kotzebue High
School, 45 m (147 ft) NW of the centerline of Third Avenue, 37 m (121 ft) SW of
the centerline of Turf Street, 1.5 m (4.9 ft) S of the building corner, and 0.62
m (2.0 ft) SE of the SE face of the building.  The datum point is set 10 cm (0.3
ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven
15.7 m (52 ft) and encased in a 0.13 m (0.4 ft) diameter black PVC pipe
projecting above the ground.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 I

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        15418
AGENCY:                  Alaska Department of Natural Resources
                         (AKDNR)                               IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod in sleeve         OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   66° 54.2' N (  66.90378)          LONGITUDE: 162° 35.0' W (-162.58356)


The bench mark is a metal rod set in a small alcove between two warehouses
facing Shore Avenue and the Crowley dock, 25.35 m (83.2 ft) ESE of the SE most
yellow guard rail pillar near the fuel headers, 22.00 m (72.2 ft) SE of the
sheet pile bulkhead of the dock, 10.05 m (33.0 ft)  SSE of the centerline of
Shore Avenue, 0.88 m (2.9 ft) SW of the NW corner of the E warehouse, and 0.79 m
(2.6 ft) SE of the NE corner of the W warehouse.  The datum point is set 20 cm
(0.7 ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, being the top of a stainless steel rod
driven 15.7 m (52 ft) to refusal, and encased in a 5-inch black PVC pipe.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  0424 K 2003
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 K TIDAL

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:        17453
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete utility box frame            OPUS PID#: BBBH54
LATITUDE:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90164)          LONGITUDE: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58186)


The bench mark is a disk set flush in the concrete box, 23.50 m (77.1 ft) SSW of
the centerline of Turf Street, 9.70 m (31.8 ft) NE of a pedestrian crossing
sign, 9.10 m (29.9 ft) WNW of the centerline of 3rd Street, 4.45 m (14.6 ft) WSW
of the southern-most of four 0.17 m (0.6 ft) diameter x 1 m (3 ft) high
bollards, 3.63 m (11.9 ft) SSW from a telephone pole, and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) ESE of
a 0.63 m (2.1 ft) diameter manhole cover.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  0424 L 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 L

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:        20229
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete pad                          OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   66° 54.2' N (  66.90272)          LONGITUDE: 162° 35.0' W (-162.58297)


The bench mark is a disk set in a concrete pad in front of an overhead door for
a Crowley building across Turf Street from the high school,  27.01 m (88.6 ft)
NE of Turf Street, 10.18 m (33.4 ft) SSW of the W yellow guard rail pillar in
front of 2000 gallon storage tank south of the Crowley building, 0.73 m (2.4 ft)
N of the yellow guard rail next to the Crowley building, 0.40 m (1.3 ft) NW of
the S corner of the Crowley building, and 0.29 m (0.9 ft) N of the S edge of the
concrete pad in which the bench mark is set.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  0424 N 2015
                         DESIGNATION:          949 0424 N

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        21806
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service                IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete sea wall                     OPUS PID#: BBDY64
LATITUDE:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90158)          LONGITUDE: 162° 35.4' W (-162.59044)


The bench mark is a disk set in the N most semicircular pier of a seawall
adjacent to Shore Avenue about 0.3 km (0.2 mi) S of the S end of the Crowley
seawall, it is 40.15 m (131.7 ft) WSW of a street light at the NE corner of
Shore Avenue and Ocean Drive, 31.10 m (102.0 ft) N of the NW corner of the
residence at 705 Shore Avenue, 20.90 m (68.6 ft) NW of the first street light
south of Ocean Drive on the E side of Shore Avenue, 10.80 m (35.4  ft) NW of the
centerline of Shore Avenue, and 0.76 m (2.5 ft) SW of an inside corner of the
seawall.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


                            T I D A L   D A T U M S 


Tidal datums at KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND based on:

     LENGTH OF SERIES:      3 MONTHS
     TIME PERIOD:           July 2015 - September 2015
     TIDAL EPOCH:           1983-2001
     CONTROL TIDE STATION:  9491094 RED DOG DOCK


Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:

     MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER                     MHHW   =  0.217
     MEAN HIGH WATER                            MHW    =  0.196
     MEAN TIDE LEVEL                            MTL    =  0.118
     MEAN SEA LEVEL                             MSL    =  0.103
     MEAN LOW WATER                             MLW    =  0.040
     MEAN LOWER LOW WATER                       MLLW   =  0.000

North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)

Bench Mark Elevation Information                In METERS above:

     Stamping or Designation                    MLLW        MHW

     949 0424 J                                  2.043    1.847
     949 0424 H                                  2.057    1.861
     949 0424 I                                  2.111    1.915
     0424 K 2003                                 1.830    1.634
     0424 L 2011                                 1.992    1.796
     0424 N 2015                                 2.197    2.001


Foot Notes:

Bench mark 0424 N 2015 is based on one differential leveling connection and does
not meet the quality control standards of the NOS. Therefore, caution should be
used when deriving elevations for this mark.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  6 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9490424                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/13/2016
Name:       KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND                          
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16005                           Latitude:   66° 54.1' N (  66.90170)
USGS Quad:  KOTZEBUE (D-2)                  Longitude: 162° 34.9' W (-162.58200)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch.  It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded.  NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads.  NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929.  Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.

The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.  As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.