U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465601                         PUBLICATION DATE:  01/12/2012
Name:       CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY                         
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16300                           Latitude:   59° 22.7' N (  59.37802)
USGS Quad:  GOODNEWS BAY B-8                Longitude: 162°  1.8' W (-162.02933)


To reach the tidal bench marks from the Quinhagak boat harbor, proceed west 3.7
km (2.3 mi) by boat down the Kanektok River to the Kuskokwim Bay at high tide,
then south 46.4 km (28.8 mi) along the coastline past Jacksmith Bay to the rusty
remains of an old barge at the top of the shoreline near the head of Carter Bay.
 The bench marks are about 50 m (15 ft)  from the top of the bluff and run in a
north/south orientation parallel to the coast.


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5601 A 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5601 A

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        20205
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod in sleeve         OPUS PID#: BBCK45
LATITUDE:   59° 21.6' N (  59.35917)          LONGITUDE: 161° 57.3' W (-161.95497)


The primary bench mark is a metal rod set in tundra between the coast of Carter
Bay and a tide slough, 91.61 m (300.6 ft) west of a 1.50 m (4.9 ft) high grass
bank by the tide slough, 72.70 m (238.5 ft) south of bench mark 946 5601 B, and
27.61 m (90.6 ft) east of where the tundra turns into grass near the coast.  The
datum point is set 5 cm (0.2 ft) below grade, being the top of a stainless steel
rod driven 14.6 m (48 ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an
NOS logo cover.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465601                         PUBLICATION DATE:  01/12/2012
Name:       CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY                         
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16300                           Latitude:   59° 22.7' N (  59.37802)
USGS Quad:  GOODNEWS BAY B-8                Longitude: 162°  1.8' W (-162.02933)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5601 B 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5601 B

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        20206
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod                   OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   59° 21.6' N (  59.35983)          LONGITUDE: 161° 57.3' W (-161.95503)


The bench mark is a metal rod set in tundra between the coast of Carter Bay and
a tide slough, 87.35 m (286.6 ft) west of where the tundra turns into grass near
the tide slough, 72.70 m (238.5 ft) north of bench mark 946 5601 A, and 28.92 m
(94.9 ft) east of a sparse transition from tundra to gravel and grass near the
coast.  The datum point is set 6 cm (0.2 ft) below grade, being the top of a
stainless steel rod driven 14.6 m (48 ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch
PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5601 C 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5601 C

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        20207
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod                   OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   59° 21.6' N (  59.36044)          LONGITUDE: 161° 57.3' W (-161.95486)


The bench mark is a metal rod set in tundra between the coast of Carter Bay and
a tide slough, 99.91 m (327.8 ft) north of bench mark 946 5601 B, 83.21 m (273.0
ft) west of where the tundra turns into grass near the tide slough, and 37.99 m
(124.6 ft) east of where the tundra turns into grass near the coast.  The datum
point is set 2 cm (0.1 ft) below grade, being the top of a stainless steel rod
driven 14.5 m (48 ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS
logo cover.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465601                         PUBLICATION DATE:  01/12/2012
Name:       CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY                         
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16300                           Latitude:   59° 22.7' N (  59.37802)
USGS Quad:  GOODNEWS BAY B-8                Longitude: 162°  1.8' W (-162.02933)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5601 D 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5601 D

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        20208
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod                   OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   59° 21.7' N (  59.36108)          LONGITUDE: 161° 57.3' W (-161.95489)


The bench mark is a metal rod set in tundra between the coast of Carter Bay and
a tide slough, 91.75 m (301.0 ft) west of where the tundra turns into thick
grass near the tide slough, 72.55 m (238.0 ft) SSW of bench mark 946 5601 E, and
71.95 m (236.0 ft) NNW of bench mark 946 5601 C.  The datum point is set 3 cm
(0.1 ft) below grade, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 14.5 m (48
ft) to refusal, and encased in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5601 E 2011
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5601 E

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        20209
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod                   OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   59° 21.7' N (  59.36167)          LONGITUDE: 161° 57.3' W (-161.95431)


The bench mark is a metal rod set in tundra between the coast of Carter Bay and
a tide slough, 136.99 m (449.4 ft) SW of a berry picking camp 14.00 m (45.9 ft)
west of the edge of the tide slough, 94.41 m (309.7 ft) ENE of the center point
of the northern most piece of a 1.56 m x 1.46 m x 0.85 m (5.1 ft x 4.8 ft x 2.8
ft) high section of rusty barge debris, 72.55 m (238.0 ft) NNE of bench mark 946
5601 D, and 66.35 m (217.7 ft) west of where the tundra turns into thick grass
near the tide slough.  The datum point is set 5 cm (0.2 ft) below grade, being
the top of a stainless steel rod driven 14.5 m (48 ft) to refusal, and encased
in a 6-inch PVC pipe with an NOS logo cover.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465601                         PUBLICATION DATE:  01/12/2012
Name:       CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY                         
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16300                           Latitude:   59° 22.7' N (  59.37802)
USGS Quad:  GOODNEWS BAY B-8                Longitude: 162°  1.8' W (-162.02933)


                            T I D A L   D A T U M S 


Tidal datums at CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY based on:

     LENGTH OF SERIES:      3 MONTHS
     TIME PERIOD:           June 2011 - August 2011
     TIDAL EPOCH:           1983-2001
     CONTROL TIDE STATION:   


Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:

     MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER                     MHHW   =  3.255
     MEAN HIGH WATER                            MHW    =  2.541
     MEAN SEA LEVEL                             MSL    =  1.432
     MEAN TIDE LEVEL                            MTL    =  1.372
     MEAN LOW WATER                             MLW    =  0.202
     MEAN LOWER LOW WATER                       MLLW   =  0.000

North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)

Bench Mark Elevation Information                In METERS above:

     Stamping or Designation                    MLLW        MHW

     5601 A 2011                                 6.084    3.543
     5601 B 2011                                 6.021    3.480
     5601 C 2011                                 5.995    3.454
     5601 D 2011                                 6.478    3.937
     5601 E 2011                                 6.138    3.597


                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465601                         PUBLICATION DATE:  01/12/2012
Name:       CARTER BAY, KUSKOKWIM BAY                         
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16300                           Latitude:   59° 22.7' N (  59.37802)
USGS Quad:  GOODNEWS BAY B-8                Longitude: 162°  1.8' W (-162.02933)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch.  It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded.  NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads.  NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929.  Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.

The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.  As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.