U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


To reach the tidal bench marks by helicopter or small boat from Togiak Alaska,
proceed southeasterly 45 km (28.0 mi) to right hand point, proceed around right
hand point and continue northeasterly for 17.5 km (10.9 mi) to the east side of
Kulukak Bay to Kukulak Point. If traveling by small boat, approach the point
from the west.  Many scattered rocks to the south of the point bare several feet
above MLLW, with the largest and most prominent being the location of the
primary bench mark.  The bench marks are located in a 30 m (100 ft) by 40 m (130
ft) area at Kukulak Point.


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5265 A 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5265 A

MONUMENTATION:           Survey disk                           VM#:        15343
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Bedrock                               OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83942)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65061)


The primary bench mark is a disk set in bedrock at Kulukak point, in the center
of an islet which connects to the mainland at the apparent low water, 27.43 m
(90.0 ft) east of Kulukak point, 25.70 m (84.3 ft) west of bench mark 9465265 D,
and 12.50 m (41.0 ft) SW of bench mark 9465265 B.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5265 B 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5265 B

MONUMENTATION:           Survey disk                           VM#:        15344
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Bedrock                               OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83950)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65042)


The bench mark is a disk set in bedrock at the barnacle line, and 12.95 m (42.5
ft) NE (033  magnetic) from bench mark 946 5265 A, and 3.80 m (12.5 ft) SW of
bench mark 946 5265 C



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5265 C 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5265 C

MONUMENTATION:           Survey disk                           VM#:        15345
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Bedrock                               OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83953)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65031)


The bench mark is a disk set in bedrock, 15.80 m (51.8 ft) WNW of bench mark
9465265 D, 14.90 m (48.9 ft) WSW of BEND, 9.50 m (31.2 ft) ESE of bench mark
9465265 E, 4.21 m (13.8 ft) NE (030  magnetic) from bench mark 5265 B 1985, and
approximately 3 m (10 ft) above the approximate high water line.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5265 D 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5265 D

MONUMENTATION:           Survey disk                           VM#:        15346
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Bedrock                               OPUS PID#: BBGN52
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83939)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65011)


The bench mark is a disk set in bedrock at Kulukak point, located on a rock
projection pointing south, 24.30 m (79.7 ft) ENE of the highest point of Tidal
Rock Island on which bench mark 946 5265 A is set, 20.40 m (66.9 ft) west of the
edge of grassy vegetation, 16.80 m (55.1 ft) east of bench mark 946 5265 B, 
15.91 m (52.2 ft) SE (111  magnetic) from bench mark 946 5265 C.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  5265 E 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          946 5265 E

MONUMENTATION:           Survey disk                           VM#:        15347
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Bedrock                               OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83956)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65042)


The bench mark is a disk set in bedrock on a prominent rock outcropping on the
tip of Kulukak point, 25.60 m (84.0 ft) NW of bench mark 946 5265 D, 9.50 m
(31.2 ft) WNW of bench mark 946 5265 C, 6.63 m (21.8 ft) east of bench mark
BEND, and 2.05 m (6.7 ft) SSW of an eye bolt set in a rock face.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  BEND 1947
                         DESIGNATION:          BEND

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        23181
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service                IDB PID#:  HZ2253
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Rock outcrop                          OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   58° 50.4' N (  58.83958)          LONGITUDE: 159° 39.0' W (-159.65061)


The bench mark is a disk set in bedrock, 14.90 m (48.9 ft) ENE of bench mark 946
5265 C, 10.00 m (32.8 ft) SW of the GNSS-R station and 6.63 m (21.8 ft) west of
bench mark 946 5265 E.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


                            T I D A L   D A T U M S 


Tidal datums at KULUKAK POINT based on:

     LENGTH OF SERIES:      1 MONTH
     TIME PERIOD:           August 2019
     TIDAL EPOCH:           1983-2001
     CONTROL TIDE STATION:  9459450 SAND POINT, POPOF ISLAND


Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:

     MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER                     MHHW   =  3.450
     MEAN HIGH WATER                            MHW    =  2.964
     MEAN TIDE LEVEL                            MTL    =  1.850
     MEAN SEA LEVEL                             MSL    =  1.848
     MEAN LOW WATER                             MLW    =  0.736
     MEAN LOWER LOW WATER                       MLLW   =  0.000

North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)

Bench Mark Elevation Information                In METERS above:

     Stamping or Designation                    MLLW        MHW

     5265 A 1985                                 4.828    1.864
     5265 B 1985                                 3.367    0.403
     5265 C 1985                                 5.857    2.893
     5265 D 1985                                 5.165    2.201
     5265 E 1985                                 7.805    4.841
     BEND 1947                                   9.857    6.893


Foot Notes:

Data from this station was collected using methodology that does not meet CO-OPS
highest level of accuracy (no more than 10 cm, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)
referenced to a tidal datum). Recognizing that lower quality data can be used
for certain applications CO-OPS is making this data available to its users with
restraint. The average six-minute water level observations derived from this
system have an accuracy ranging from 10.0 - 30.0 cm, 95% CI on datum. Users are
cautioned to consider the accuracy of these data before using them for critical
navigational or coastal engineering purposes.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  6 of  6

                                                                                
Station ID: 9465265                         PUBLICATION DATE:  11/23/2020
Name:       KULUKAK POINT                                     
            AK
NOAA Chart: 16315                           Latitude:   58° 50.4' N (  58.84000)
USGS Quad:  NUSHAGAK BAY                    Longitude: 159° 38.8' W (-159.64700)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch.  It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded.  NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads.  NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929.  Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.

The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.  As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.