U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


TO REACH THE NOS GAUGING STATION IN GREEN BAY, BROWN COUNTY, WISCONSIN, FROM THE
INTERSECTION OF NORTH BROADWAY AND PRAIRIE AVE, PROCEED WEST ON PRAIRIE AVE FOR
0.56 KM (0.35 MI) TO THE INTERSECTION WITH BYLSBY AVE, THEN PROCEED NORTH ON
BYLSBY AVE FOR 0.80 KM (0.50 MI) TO THE ENTRANCE OF THE PULLIAM ELECTRIC PLANT,
ON THE EAST SIDE OF AVE.


                    G R E A T  L A K E S   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 WIS

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        13227
AGENCY:                  Army Corps of Engineers               IDB PID#:  PN0090
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Foundation                            OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54119)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.5' W ( -88.00778)


The bench mark is a disk set vertically in the North face, of the North wall of
the large plant building, 26.40 meters (86.61 ft) SW of the SW leg of a
transmission tower, 12.7 meters (41.7 ft) West of the NE corner of the building,
2.33 meters (7.64 ft) East of truck washing area, 1.7 meters (5.6 ft) above the
level of the ground.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                    G R E A T  L A K E S   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 LEG

MONUMENTATION:           Bolt                                  VM#:        13228
AGENCY:                                                        IDB PID#:  PN0089
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Tower foundation                      OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54139)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.5' W ( -88.00769)


The bench mark is a bolt is 52.9 meters (173.6 ft) West of NOS water level
gauging station, 21.6 meters (70.9 ft) North of the NE corner of plant building,
0.9 meters (3.0 ft) above the level of the ground, being a cross cut in the top
of a 1 1/2 inch bolt at the base of the West leg of a steel power line tower
(the only steel tower at water's edge, on the North side of the large power
plant).



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 COAL A

MONUMENTATION:           Bolt                                  VM#:        13229
AGENCY:                                                        IDB PID#:  PN0087
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete wall                         OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54114)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.5' W ( -88.00786)


The bench mark is a disk 5.7 meters (18.7 ft) South of the NE corner of the
large plant building, set vertically in the East face of the North-South wall
0.18 meters (0.59 ft) South of the South edge of doorway, a cross cut in the end
of a 1/4 inch brass bolt 12.2 cm South of the North end of the wall and 1.4
meters (4.6 ft) above the black top ramp.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                    G R E A T  L A K E S   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  7078 E 1978
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 E

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        13230
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Survey                 IDB PID#:  PN0840
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Tower foundation                      OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54097)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.7' W ( -88.01217)


The bench mark is a disk 17.75 meters (58.23 ft) SE of center of exit gate,
13.55 meters (44.46 ft) NW of corner of new guard house, 4.20 meters (13.78 ft)
NE of center of exit driveway, 0.85 meters (2.79 ft) NE of edge of exit
driveway, the bench mark is set in top of the SE corner of the SW concrete
foundation leg of a utility power line tower.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  7078 F 1978
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 F

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        13231
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Survey                 IDB PID#:  PN0842
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete pad                          OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54106)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00719)


The bench mark is a disk in the SW corner of the concrete pad of the water level
station building, 15.01 meters (49.25 ft) NE of the NE corner of the plant, 0.9
m (3.0 ft) South of the center of a door to the water level station building,
and 0.3 m (1.0 ft) North of the SW corner of the pad.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                    G R E A T  L A K E S   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  7078 G 1983
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 G

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        13232
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Survey                 IDB PID#:  PN0841
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Floor of building                     OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54094)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


The bench mark is a surface disc 40.7 meters (133.5 ft) East of the SE leg of E
most ash silo in the NE corner of the plant, 9.1 meters (29.9 ft) SE of the SE
corner of gasoline (fuel storage shed, green aluminum building), 0.3 meters (1.0
ft) West of the South side of overhead door, 1.2 meters (3.9 ft) above ground
surface.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7078 COAL B

MONUMENTATION:           Bolt                                  VM#:        18326
AGENCY:                                                        IDB PID#:  DL2470
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Set in watertable                     OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54106)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.5' W ( -88.00792)


The bench mark is a bolt 11.0 m (36.1 ft) SW of the SW corner of a tan equipment
shed, 2.75 m (9.02 ft) SE of the center of a scale leading to a loading bay, 1.4
m (4.6 ft) above the ground, 0.68 meters (2.23 ft) South of South corner of
building set vertically in the water table of the plant, being a 1/4-inch bolt
set in the concrete with a horizontal line across head of bolt.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                    G R E A T  L A K E S   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  T 227 1985
                         DESIGNATION:          T 227

MONUMENTATION:           Vertical Control disk                 VM#:        18327
AGENCY:                  National Geodetic Survey              IDB PID#:  PN0839
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:                                        OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.2' N (  44.53592)          LONGITUDE:  88°  1.0' W ( -88.01608)


The bench mark is a vertical mark in the pier of the HWY bridge on the E side of
Prairie Ave, set vertically in the NE face of the most NE 1 of 2 columns of the
first pier SE of the avenue of the highway bridge overpass of the avenue, 15.3
meters (50.2 ft) SE of the centerline of Prairie Ave, and 8.2 meters (26.9 ft)
NE of the center of the highway, 5.00 meters (16.40 ft) East of the East rail of
the railroad tracks, 0.74 meters (2.43 ft) West of the NE edge of the bridge
pier (column) mark is 1.60 meters (5.25 ft) above the ground.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  7079 H
                         DESIGNATION:          908 7079 H RESET

MONUMENTATION:           Metal Rod                             VM#:        21242
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service                IDB PID#:        
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Stainless steel rod driven to refusal OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54181)          LONGITUDE:  88°  0.6' W ( -88.00986)


The bench mark is a deep rod, 44.8 m (147.0 ft) East of the most NE end of train
tracks on plant property, 26.5 m (86.9 ft) NE of a red fire hydrant, and 1.3 m
(4.3 ft) West of the West corner of aluminum sided storage shed being a 
stainless steel rod driven 7.3 m (24.0 ft) to refusal.  Benchmark protected by
5" PVC sleeve with concrete kick block and witness post.





Foot Notes:

Above marks are published for informational purposes only.  Long term stability
has not been reviewed prior to publication.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  6 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


The International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD) is the vertical height reference
datum used in the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River System for engineering,
charting, channel dredging, navigation safety, power generation, and water 
resource management. It is a coordinated datum between the United States and
Canada that ensures both countries are using the same reference for projects
in the Great Lakes basin. The datum origin, or zero, is defined as Mean Sea 
Level at Pointe-au-Pere /Rimouski, Quebec, Canada at the mouth of the 
St. Lawrence River. IGLD requires updating approximately every 25-30 years 
to account for varying changes in the land surface elevations following the 
retreat of the glaciers during the last ice age, referred to as Glacial 
Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). The current IGLD 1985 was implemented in 1992.

IGLD 1985 uses dynamic heights as the vertical reference standard and lakes
station water level elevations are adjusted to provide a level geopotential
plane for lake level reference.

Dynamic height is the potential difference along the plumbline between the 
vertical datum and a point of interest divided by a constant value of 
gravity. In Canada and USA, the constant value of gravity is the 
"normal gravity" on the ellipsoid at latitude 45° (9.806199 ms-2). Dynamic 
heights have no geometric meaning. They are mainly used for the management 
of water in large lakes, rivers and channels. The surface of a lake has a 
constant dynamic height if undisturbed by currents, winds, atmospheric 
pressure, etc.

The Hydraulic Corrector (HC) is the difference in the long term water level 
mean between Subordinate and Master station. The difference (HC) is 
subtracted algebraically at the subordinate gauge referencing the same 
elevation as the master station. Thus all water levels on a given lake can 
be referenced to the same lakes LWD/Chart Datum reference elevation.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  7 of  7

                                                                                
Station ID: 9087079                         PUBLICATION DATE:  08/11/2017
Name:       GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN                          
            WI
NOAA Chart: 14918                           Latitude:   44° 32.5' N (  44.54111)
USGS Quad:                                  Longitude:  88°  0.4' W ( -88.00722)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


A Master Stations is the control point for determining water level 
elevations on a particular lake of the Great Lakes.   Since water surfaces
of the Great Lakes are considered to be at geopotential equal, all Mean 
Water Level (MWL) values for stations on a particular lake should have the 
same dynamic height.  Therefore, all subordinate water level station MWL 
values are adjusted to match the dynamic water level elevation of the Master
Station through the use of a hydraulic corrector.  In the establishment of 
International Great Lakes Datum (1985) the connecting waterways station 
dynamic elevations were calculated through the use of a linear regression 
while constraining the end points of the regression with the dynamic 
elevations of the corresponding master station above and below the 
connecting channel.

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling 
observations.  Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski,
Canada was held fixed as the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces 
NGVD29 as the national standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark 
elevations relative toNAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide 
Web at National Geodetic Survey.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.