U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


To reach the tidal bench marks from the intersection of Interstate 495 (Long
Island Expressway) and the Cross Island Parkway, proceed north on the Cross
Island Expressway for 3.4 km (2.1 mi) to the Bell Avenue exit.  Take the exit to
the first intersection,  turn right on Totten Avenue and continue for 0.40 km
(0.25 mi) to the sentry post, pass the sentry post and bear left to the U.S.
Coast Guard Station.  The bench marks are located north of the U.S. Coast Guard
Pier along Little Bay Road, Willets Street, and on the concrete sea wall. The
tide station was located at the midpoint of the wave screen attached to the NW
corner of the U.S. Coast Guard Pier at the foot of Willets Street.


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S
                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:  NO 3 1944
                         DESIGNATION:          TIDAL 3 STA II 6

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:          300
AGENCY:                  US Coast and Geodetic Survey
                         (USC&GS)                              IDB PID#:  KU0977
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Retaining wall                        OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.7' N (  40.79500)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


The primary bench mark is a disk set in the top of the north retaining wall of
the land end of the Quartermaster Dock, 5.5 m (18 ft) west of the seawall, 1.5 m
(5 ft) east of the west end of the concrete part of the dock, and 0.15 m (0.5
ft) south of the north edge of the concrete part of the dock.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  NO 5 1975
                         DESIGNATION:          851 6990 TIDAL 5

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:          304
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Survey (NOS)           IDB PID#:  AH6731
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete floor                        OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


The bench mark is a disk set in the concrete flooring at the entrance of the
loading door on the west side of Building number 610, 16.2 m (53 ft) north of
the small brick power building number 609, 11.43 m (37.5 ft) south of the main
entrance to building number 610, and 7.6 m (25 ft) east of the centerline of the
concrete roadway.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  6990 A 1982
                         DESIGNATION:          851 6990 A TIDAL

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:          306
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Survey (NOS)           IDB PID#:  AH6732
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete median                       OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


The bench mark is a disk set in the SE corner of a 3 m x 4 m (10 ft x 12 ft)
concrete slab in the median of a Y formed by Bayside Street and Totten Avenue,
28.16 m (92.4 ft) south of the SE corner of Building number 601, 20.82 m (68.3
ft) east of the SW corner of building number 601, 10.67 m (35.0 ft) SE of the
centerline of Bayside Street, and 5.06 m (16.6 ft) NW of the centerline of
Totten Avenue.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          TIDAL 4 USE STA II 6

MONUMENTATION:           Tidal Station disk                    VM#:          308
AGENCY:                  US Army Corps of Engineers (USE)      IDB PID#:  KU0978
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete road                         OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.8' W ( -73.78000)


The bench mark is a disk set in the concrete roadway at the SE end of a chain
link fence in the vicinity of Building number 615 of the U.S. Coast Guard
Station, 7.9 m (26 ft) east of the NE corner of Building number 614, 0.15 m (0.5
ft) south of an angle in the retaining wall, 0.15 m (0.5 ft) south of an
expansion joint in the driveway, and 0.15 m (0.5 ft) west of the retaining wall.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          TIDAL 735 STA II 6

MONUMENTATION:           Chiseled Cross                        VM#:          309
AGENCY:                                                        IDB PID#:  KU0979
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Window sill                           OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.8' W ( -73.78000)


The bench mark is a chiseled cross located on the west window sill of the north
side of Building number 615 at the U.S. Coast Guard Station, 0.70 m (2.3 ft)
west of the west face of a chimney, 0.43 m (1.4 ft) south of a steel fire escape
ladder, 0.09 m (0.3 ft) west of the east end of the sill, and 1.07 m (3.5 ft)
above the concrete floor.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  6 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:   
                         DESIGNATION:          TIDAL 736 STA II 6

MONUMENTATION:           Bolt                                  VM#:          310
AGENCY:                                                        IDB PID#:  KU0976
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Granite water table                   OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)          LONGITUDE:  73° 46.8' W ( -73.78000)


The bench mark is a copper bolt set in the slanting top of the granite water
table at the NE corner of the east wing of the two story red brick building
number 637, at the intersection of Chapel Road and Totten Avenue, 167.6 m (550
ft) east of the U.S. Coast Guard pier, 27.13 m (89.0 ft) north of the north side
of Totten Avenue,  7.16 m (23.5 ft) west of the centerline of Chapel Road, 0.3 m
(1 ft) west of the NE corner of the east wing, and 0.70 m (2.2 ft) above the
concrete curb, with the numerals 52.827 cut in the cornerstone 0.15 m (0.5 ft)
above the bench mark.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  7 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                            T I D A L   D A T U M S 


Tidal datums at WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER based on:

     LENGTH OF SERIES:      18 Years
     TIME PERIOD:           January 1983 - December 2000
     TIDAL EPOCH:           1983-2001
     CONTROL TIDE STATION:   


Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:

     HIGHEST OBSERVED WATER LEVEL (09/21/1938)         =  5.105
     MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER                     MHHW   =  2.373
     MEAN HIGH WATER                            MHW    =  2.262
     North American Vertical Datum              NAVD88 =  1.240
     MEAN SEA LEVEL                             MSL    =  1.182
     MEAN TIDE LEVEL                            MTL    =  1.174
     MEAN LOW WATER                             MLW    =  0.084
     MEAN LOWER LOW WATER                       MLLW   =  0.000
     LOWEST  OBSERVED WATER LEVEL (01/10/1978)         = -1.311

North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)

Bench Mark Elevation Information                In METERS above:

     Stamping or Designation                    MLLW        MHW

     NO 3 1944                                   3.545    1.283
     NO 5 1975                                   5.355    3.093
     6990 A 1982                                10.305    8.043
     TIDAL 4 USE STA II 6                        4.545    2.283
     TIDAL 735 STA II 6                          5.642    3.380
     TIDAL 736 STA II 6                         15.833   13.571


                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  8 of  8

                                                                                
Station ID: 8516990                         PUBLICATION DATE:  04/21/2003
Name:       WILLETS POINT, LITTLE BAY, EAST RIVER             
            NY
NOAA Chart: 12366                           Latitude:   40° 47.6' N (  40.79330)
USGS Quad:  FLUSHING                        Longitude:  73° 46.9' W ( -73.78170)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch.  It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded.  NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads.  NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929.  Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.

The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.  As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.